In a biological cell the number of complete chromosomal set is
called ploidy. The somatic cells of the human body are diploid in
humans. However, the sex cells, that is, sperms and egg are haploid. In
certain plants, certain amphibians, reptiles and insect species, one may
see tertaploidy (four set of chromosomes). So what are these diploid
and haploid cells? If you are searching for answers to these questions,
then the following paragraphs will help answer your queries.
What are Diploid and Haploid Cells?
The
sex cells or gametes contain haploid cells that means that these cells
have one set of chromosomes, that is, 23 chromosomes. There are only 23
chromosomes in the human egg and 23 chromosomes in the human sperm.
These cells are formed after they go through a special cell division
called meiosis. Therefore, the progeny inherits one set of chromosome
from the mother and one set of chromosome from the father. After
fertilization, they form a diploid zygote. This diploid zygote develops
into a diploid species.Diploid cells have two homologous copies of each chromosome inherited from the mother and father. All mammals are diploid organisms with the exception of a few species. There are 46 chromosomes in human diploid cells and the human haploid cells have 23 chromosomes. The diploid cells are indicated by 2n = 2x and haploid cells are indicated by n, where n = number of chromosomes and x = monoploid number. Let us go into the details of diploid vs haploid cells that will help in explaining the haploid and diploid difference.
Difference Between Diploid and Haploid Cells
The gametes from diploid parents undergoes meiosis and fertilization of haploid egg and haploid sperm occurs. This forms a diploid zygote that contains maternal chromosome and paternal chromosome. This diploid zygote undergoes mitosis that leads to formation of a diploid organism.
Diploid Cells
Definition: Diploid cells are those cells that contain a complete set (or 2n) chromosomes.
Cell Division and Growth: Haploid cells from the mother and father and during the process of reproduction fertilize to form a diploid zygote. This zygote undergoes mitosis to produce more diploid cells.
Examples of Organisms: Humans and almost all mammals are diploid organisms.
Haploid Cells
Definition: Haploid cells are cells with half the number of chromosomes (or n) in the nucleus.
Cell Division and Growth: Haploid cells are formed after the process of meiosis, a type of cell division where the diploid cells divide to form haploid germ cells.
Examples of Organisms: Yeast and fungi are permanently haploid. Other organisms like male bees, wasps and ants are haploid organisms.
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