Effective Teaching Strategies

Open-ended Quizzes
Among the effective teaching methods, this one is my favorite. Open-ended quizzes really challenge students to think and come up with their own solutions and methods. The objective of this quiz is in direct opposition to normal quizzes that require students to memorize and reproduce. An interesting method employed is to provide the students with take-home exam sheets which they can give in after a period of a few weeks. Now this is the interesting part: students who produce straightforward answers will receive a minimum passing grade. Higher grades would be awarded to those who display a deeper understanding of the material, the ability to apply techniques from other disciplines, and the ability to evaluate.

Show and Tell
The concept of "Show and Tell" is one that most teachers are familiar with. While it may come across as an interesting activity, its utility goes much deeper. One of the best aspects of show and tell is that it can be used for students belonging to any age group. One of the primary objectives this method achieves is, of reversing the role of the student to a teacher. In order to explain a concept to someone else, students must first truly understand the concept. This requires them to understand and analyze the selected subject deeply, and establish a clear line of thinking, to be able to explain the phenomena to their peers.

Interactive Lectures

Lectures are one of the old methods used for teaching large groups of students. A plain and simple session usually allows the students to listen passively, without encouraging active participation. To grab the interest of students, one can try to make lectures more interactive by using techniques to encourage students to participate willingly. For example, students can be given a particular question which they could discuss with their neighbor and collectively derive a final answer. Demonstration is another interesting way of making lectures more interactive.

Practical Examples

An effective teaching strategy that must be used frequently is the use of practical examples. These can help students link theory to practical application, which results in more productive learning. While a sound theoretical base is important, it would not be effective without the understanding of its practical application. Examples not only help enhance the theories taught in the classroom, but are also a useful tool in illustrating and explaining new material. By using these examples, educators are able to show students practical applications of what they are learning, and also teach them how to apply basic principles to real life problems. It is a good idea to use contemporary themes that students are interested in. For example, the cost of concert tickets to the 'Jonas Brothers', to explain a numerical problem.

Case Studies
Case studies are a compilation of "real-life" activity, in which theories have been put into practical use. As finding a case that fits the class material may be challenging, a teacher may provide students with case material or leave it up to them to find and develop. If the case material is provided, students are expected to go through it and be prepared to answer questions about various aspects of the case. If students are expected to develop a case, their workload will increase significantly, and must be balanced out with other assignments. Students are usually required to work in groups while preparing, presenting the case, and fielding questions. As a teacher, one is required to guide the discussion, keeping in mind the goal of the case.

Brainstorming

Another fun and effective teaching technique, brainstorming engages students and forces participation. There are many ways to brainstorm with a class. One can provide the entire class with a topic to discuss and each student is required to contribute at least one idea. Alternatively, students may contribute ideas as and when they think of them, though this can lead to unequal participation. One may also split the class into small groups, which can discuss and present their idea after a given amount of time.

Roleplaying
A roleplay is an effective method of getting students involved so as to come up with solutions on their own. One can give them a topic to study and ask them to prepare a roleplay with every student of the group performing a particular part, and present it to the class so as to make other students understand the topic. This strategy not only helps the students in understanding the course content, but also makes them aware of real world aspects associated with it.

Jigsaw Technique
This technique is very useful in grabbing the attention of each and every student towards a particular topic through individual involvement. Teams can be formed within the class and each group can be given different, but related topics to prepare. When students are done with their topics, groups are reshuffled in such a way that each new group has one member of all the previous groups. Now the students are required to teach everyone in the new group what they have learned in the previous team. This way every student pays proper attention when learning a particular topic because they know that they will have to teach the same to other members of their new team.

Just-in-Time Teaching
This method helps in preparing students before the class is actually conducted. Instructors post questions related to the topic of discussion on student portal, which students are required to answer before the class. Posting open-ended questions will require the students to read about the topic and then answer the questions as per their understanding of the subject. Before the session, instructors review the answers and figure out the aspects which students have not understood properly and prepare class activities in such a way that those aspects are addressed.

Flowchart

This tool can be used to make students understand where the lecture is headed to, and the goals that are to be achieved at the end of the session. The board is divided into two sections, with one section dedicated to a flowchart which is developed as the session progresses to establish the flow of thought, and the second section dedicated for presentation purposes. At the end of the session, the flowchart serves as a summary of what has been taught in the session. These flowcharts are very useful, specially for a quick review before tests.

sumber : buzzle.com

Read More

Tanda Pacar Tidak Bahagia

Boleh jadi dia tampak biasa saja, tapi Anda tahu ada yang tidak beres. Dia jadi lebih jarang bicara, tidak lagi menatap bola mata Anda saat berbicara, bahkan ada situasi canggung yang sangat aneh bila bersamanya.

Dia kenapa? Apakah ada yang salah? Atau apakah dia tidak bahagia dengan Anda dan hubungan cintanya. Inilah beberapa sinyal yang (secara tidak sadar) ditunjukkan pria yang tidak bahagia dengan hubungannya, dilansir oleh Genius Beauty.

Situasi Canggung Saat Bersama Dia

Ketika Anda makan malam dengannya, situasi terasa datar dan dingin. Dia tidak bicara apapun, hanya menjawab "iya" atau "tidak" jika Anda bertanya. Situasi ini bisa menggambarkan bahwa dia sedang bosan. Jika hanya terjadi sekali dua kali, mungkin dia bosan atau lelah dengan aktivitas harian. Tetapi jika terjadi setiap kali bersama Anda, waspadalah!

Dia Tidak Lagi Mendengarkan Anda

Dulu, dia selalu antusias mendengarkan cerita Anda, sekarang tidak lagi. Bahkan, dia bisa meninggalkan Anda atau sengaja memutuskan kata-kata Anda sebelum selesai bercerita. Pria sebenarnya bukan pendengar yang baik, biasanya hanya di awal hubungan dia akan memaksakan diri untuk mendengarkan Anda. Jika sekarang dia tidak mendengarkan Anda, bisa jadi karena bosan.

Sering Memuji Wanita Lain

Pria biasanya akan sangat menjaga kata-kata pujian untuk wanita lain, apalagi di depan kekasihnya. Jika ada pria yang secara sengaja memuji wanita lain, bahkan membandingkannya dengan Anda, maka hal itu bisa menjadi sinyal bahwa dia bosan dengan Anda, bosan dengan penampilan Anda bahkan bosan berada di samping Anda.

Membeli Banyak Gadget

Gadget atau teknologi terbaru selalu menarik perhatian pria. Jika akhir-akhir ini dia banyak membeli gadget tanpa pertimbangan, bahkan membeli gadget yang tidak perlu, sebaiknya Anda curiga. Pria biasanya mengalihkan masalahnya dengan gadget. Apalagi, jika dia membeli iPad hanya untuk main game agar tidak Anda ajak ngobrol.

Bahasa Tubuhnya Mengatakan Hal Itu

Wanita adalah makhluk yang peka, sebenarnya Anda dengan mudah bisa membaca bahasa tubuh seseorang, tidak perlu kursus. Coba perhatikan bagaimana bahasa tubuh si dia, apakah dia mengalihkan mata saat berbincang dengan Anda, tampak cuek saat Anda bertanya, tidak lagi menggandeng tangan Anda, jika iya, berarti ada yang salah, dan bisa jadi dia sedang bosan atau kecewa dengan Anda.

Read More

Ekstrak Biji Anggur Dapat Mencegah Penuaan Dini

Anggur adalah salah satu jenis buah yang memiliki kemampuan untuk menangkal radikal bebas dan mencegah penuaan. Namun, di dalam buah anggur, ternyata ekstrak biji anggur mengandung khasiat yang lebih kuat sebagai penangkal penuaan dini.

Mengapa Anda perlu mengonsumsi buah anggur bahkan hingga ekstrak bijinya? Hal ini karena kandungan di dalam ekstrak biji anggur yang sangat kaya. Di antaranya adalah sebagai berikut:

Bioflavonoid

Di dalam kandungan biji anggur, terdapat bioflavonoid yang membantu menguatkan dan melindungi sel. Dengan demikian kulit dan seluruh bagian tubuh Anda akan lebih kebal terhadap serangan matahari dan radikal bebas lainnya.

Vitamin A, C dan E

Kandungan vitamin dalam buah dan biji anggur memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam memperbaiki sel yang rusak. Apabila Anda memiliki luka di kulit yang sedang dalam masa penyembuhan, mengonsumsi anggur adalah cara yang baik untuk membantu memulihkannya.

Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins

Merupakan bahan antioksidan yang mampu memberikan perlindungan dan mempertahankan kulit dari keriput. Sehingga dengan mengonsumsi ekstrak anggur, kulit Anda tetap cantik dan awet muda.

Tapi, Kebanyakan Orang Mengonsumsi Buah Daripada Bijinya

Bagaimana caranya mendapatkan ekstrak biji anggur? Sementara kebanyakan orang seringkali hanya mengonsumsi buahnya. Well, mudah saja. Anda bisa mencampur buah anggur sebagai campuran jus bersama varian buah lainnya. Bagi Anda yang sudah terbiasa, bisa mengonsumsi bijinya langsung saat dimakan.

Bagi Anda yang memiliki alergi terhadap buah anggur, sebaiknya tidak mengonsumsi buah ini karena bisa mempengaruhi sistem pendarahan. Oleh karena itu, konsultasikan pada dokter bila Anda memiliki penyakit atau alergi tertentu terhadap suatu makanan.

 

sumber : vemale.com

Read More

Teknologi terbaru dibalik Jersey AC Milan "miCoach Elite System"

Buat yang bertanya-tanya, apa sih yang menonjol dibalik jersey pemain AC Milan itu, ini adalah info yang dilansir dari rossonerian.com

Adidas dan AC Milan mengumumkan bahwa AC Milan akan menjadi klub top pertama yang menggunakan miCoach Elite System, teknologi inovatif yang melacak data, dikembangkan oleh perusahaan olahraga. Ini pertama kali digunakan di All Star Game di USA Major League Soccer.

Adidas dan AC Milan telah menandatangani kesepakatan untuk janji berkelanjutan untuk mengembangkan produk baru dan teknologi untuk sepak bola.

“Kami senang bahwa Milan adalah klub besar pertama yang menggunakan miCoach Elite System”, kata Michel Granier, wakil yang didelegasikan dari Adidas Eropa Selatan. “Kemitraan dengan judul yang paling klub dunia adalah stimulus untuk pengembangan produk baru. Pengenalan sistem baru ini menegaskan antusiasme kedua belah pihak telah mengenai masa depan olahraga “.

“Kami mengakui potensi yang besar dari produk ini segera,” jelas Adriano Galliani, wakil presiden klub, dan perwakilan didelegasikan menjelaskan bahwa, “MilanLab memiliki peran penting dalam membantu mengembangkan sistem, sementara pelatih tim pertama dan telah bersedia saat dibutuhkan untuk menawarkan masukan mereka. Saya pribadi sangat puas, bukan hanya untuk potensi proyek ini, tetapi juga dengan hubungan yang baik dilanjutkan dengan Adidas dan Milan, yang lebih dari sekedar sponsor.”

Pengembangan Sistem miCoach Elite dimulai pada tahun 2010 dengan kolaborasi MilanLab itu. Hal ini memungkinkan pelatih dan pemain untuk mengukur statistik seperti frekuensi jantung, kecepatan, kecepatan, jarak, posisi di lapangan dan untuk kebugaran pada para pemain. Hal ini memungkinkan seluruh skuad atau pemain individu untuk memantau kekuatan dan kekuatan mereka selama sesi pelatihan. Ini adalah perangkat kecil yang cocok untuk saku, diposisikan di bagian belakang individu, dalam pakaian dalam pemain.

Terhubung ke serangkaian elektroda dan sensor, itu mengirimkan ke komputer menggunakan nirkabel lebih dari 200 lembar data kedua untuk masing-masing pemain. Pelatih dapat melihat angka dengan menggunakan ipad. Dia hanya dapat memilih pemain yang ingin melihat hasil dan membandingkannya dengan atlet lain atau mendapatkan gambaran dari seluruh skuad.

“Data lapangan adalah salah satu instrumen yang paling penting bagi pelatih dan pelatih dalam rangka mempersiapkan pasukan mereka”, kata Paulo Gaudio, Wakil Presiden Adidas. “Tim akan menjadi lebih kompetitif dan miCoach Elite System adalah solusi ideal untuk mengontrol ini. Berkat tahun penelitian, inovasi dan pengembangan, miCoach Elite System akan memungkinkan pelatih untuk membuat keputusan berdasarkan fakta-fakta untuk mencapai performa maksimal di lapangan “.

Read More

Tips Mencari Tahu Pacar Lagi Pengen Apa

Stalking

Siapa bilang di Indonesia gak ada detektif? Semua orang yang stalking itu detektif lagi. Cuma bedanya, stalker itu merhatiin twit atau status. Nah, biar kita bisa tahu apa yang lagi dipengenin sama pacar kita, kita jadi stalker aja.

Stalking itu kegiatannya, stalker itu orangnya. Jangan ketuker ya, misalnya jadi, “Eh, lo lagi stalker twit gue ya?” Itu salah.

Biasanya kan anak muda zaman sekarang mencurahkan segala kemauannya ke Twitter. Nah, kali aja pacar kita ngetwit tentang keinginannya di Twitter-nya. Dengan gitu, kita tahu deh apa yang pacar kita mau.

 

Tanya temen

Selain jadi detektif, untuk tahu apa yang dipengenin sama pacar kita, kita juga harus jadi wartawan. Cuma bedanya, kita gak nanya-nanya pejabat, tapi kita nanya ke temen pacar kita apa yang pacar kita pengenin.

Tanya aja pacar kita maunya apa. Kalo kata temen pacar kita si pacar mau cowok lain, ya kasih aja cowok lain. (lah, ngasih selingkuhan dong?!) kwuk!

 

Nebak

Selain jadi detektif dan wartawan, biar kita tahu apa yang lagi dipengenin sama pacar kita adalah kita jadi harus peserta kuis yang jago nebak. Kita coba tebak aja kemauan pacar kita apa. Misalnya kalo si pacar lagi kerubukan perutnya, tebak aja dia itu lagi laper atau dia mau kentut.

Kalo kamu gak bisa nebak apa keinginan si pacar, coba aja ikutan kuis. Siapa tahu kemampuan kamu emang bukan buat nebak keinginan pacar, tapi buat nebak pertanyaan kuis. Lumayan kalo bener bisa dapet hadiah.

 

Kasih duit

Jadi detektif, wartawan, ataupun peserta kuis aja gak cukup. Kita harus jadi orang kaya biar bisa nebak apa maunya si pacar.

Jadi orang kaya itu paling enak buat tahu apa keinginan si pacar. soalnya gampang, kalo pacar ngasih kode mau apa, kasih aja duit. Pasti gak akan salah. Misalnya si pacar tiba-tiba bete sama kita, kasih aja duit, pasti gak bete lagi. Kalo si pacar tiba-tiba sering ngilang, bilangin aja kita bakalan kasih dia duit, pasti nyamperin.

 

sumber : nyunyu.com

Read More

Shortest Day of the Year

You must have realized that the length of a day - as based on daylight (i.e. the period between sunrise and sunset) varies over the course of a year. While the days are longer than nights in summer, exactly opposite happens in the winter. The entire phenomenon is attributed an astronomical event known as solstice, which is dependent on the seeming movement of the Sun between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. It is the alignment of the Sun and Earth, as a result of which we experience the longest and the shortest day in a calendar year.

Winter Solstice - The Shortest Day of the Year
Solstice occurs twice in a calendar year - first when the apparent position of the Sun is at its northernmost limit (Tropic of Cancer/23.5°N) and again, when the apparent position of the Sun is at its southernmost limit (Tropic of Capricorn/23.5°S) This event of astronomy is further categorized into two parts - summer solstice, which is the longest day of the year, and winter solstice, which is the shortest day. When the Sun is at its northernmost limit at 23.5°North, it is referred to as summer solstice, and when it is at its southernmost limit at 23.5°South, it is referred to as winter solstice. Similarly, when the Sun's apparent position is at the equator, it is referred to as equinox - which occurs twice a year. This, however, only applies to the northern hemisphere of the Earth.

The Northern Hemisphere-Southern Hemisphere Difference
In southern hemisphere, summer solstice occurs when the Sun is at its southernmost limit at 23.5°South and winter solstice occurs when the Sun is at its northernmost limit at 23.5°North. Owing to the differences in apparent position of the Sun, each of the two hemispheres experience summer solstice and winter solstice at different times of the year. When the Sun is positioned at the northernmost limit, the northern hemisphere experiences more daylight as compared to southern hemisphere. Contrary to this, when the Sun is at its southernmost extreme the southern hemisphere experiences more of daylight as compared to its northern counterpart. If you happen to be a resident of northern hemisphere - the chances of which are more, you will experience the longest day when the Sun is at Tropic of Cancer, and shortest when it is at Tropic of Capricorn.

If you happen to be a resident of some country in the southern hemisphere, you will experience the longest day when the Sun is at the Tropic of Capricorn and shortest day when it is at the Tropic of Cancer. Generally, the Sun is at the Tropic of Cancer on 20th or 21st of June (sometimes on 19th or 22nd June) and at the Tropic of Capricorn on 21st or 22nd of December (sometimes on 20th or 22rd December). Going by these dates, the longest day of the year has to be 20th or 21st of June for the northern hemisphere, but 21st or 22nd of December for the southern hemisphere. Similarly, the shortest day of the year has to be 21st or 22nd of December for northern hemisphere, but 20th or 21st of June for the southern hemisphere.

Interestingly, when the Sun is positioned at the 23.5°N latitude, the region around the North pole experiences 24 hours of daylight (day) while the region around the South pole experiences 24 hours of darkness (night) at a stretch. Similarly, when the Sun is positioned at the 23.5°S latitude the North pole and surrounding areas experience 24 hours darkness while the South pole and surrounding areas receive 24 hours of broad daylight.

Read More

Macam macam Manusia Yang Ditertawakan Syetan

1] Orang yang baru sembuh dari sakit keras/kronis tapi tidak tambah baik kelakuannya dan tidak meningkat juga iman dan 'amal ibadatnya.

2] Orang nyang baru keluar dari penjara tapi tidak tambah baik kelakuannya dan tidak meningkat juga iman dan 'amal ibadahnya.

3] Orang nyang baru bebas dari fitnah/musibah yang berat tapi tidak tambah baik kelakuannya dan tidak meningkat juga iman dan 'amal ibadahnya.

4] Orang yang telah menunaikan ibadah haji tapi tidak tambah baik kelakuannya tapi malah kikir bin bakhil.

5] Orang yang keluar dari bulan Ramadhan atau orang yang baru selesai berpuasa tapi tidak bertambah baik kelakuannya malah bikin dosa baru setelahnya.

6] Orang yang merasa sudah bisa bersyukur kepada Alloh ( dan atau sering mengucapkan "alhamdulillah") tapi tidak mampu membalas kebaikan orang lain.

7] Orang yang mengaku sudah mampu bersabar tapi tidak mampu membalas kejahatan dengan kebaikan.

8] Orang yang pernah menolong orang lain tapi kemudian suka sekali menyebut-nyebut­, nge-bangkit-bangkit pertolongannye kembali.

9] Orang yang sering menunjukkan dan menceritakan aib dan dosa diri sendiri, serta aib dan dosa orang lain.

10| Orang yang sibuk memperindah rumahnya dan sibuk membersihkan rumahnya dari sampah, tikus, kecoa, semut, nyamuk, dll.... tapi tidak serius mempersiapkan rumah masa depannya (kuburan) .... membiarkan rumahnya yang asli (kubur) nanti dikeroyok kecoa, semut, cacing, kelabang, tikus, belatung, dan binatang-binatang tanah lainnya

"Beramalah selagi masih ada kesempatan sebelum datang kesempitan itu [kematian]"

Read More

Mobil-mobilan berumur 7.500 tahun

"Mobil mainan" dipamerkan bersama boneka mainan dan peluit (semuanya terbuat dari batu) di Museum Mardin. Arkeolog Mesut Alp melaporkan bahwa mobil mainan itu paling tidak berusia 7.500 tahun atau bertanggal kembali ke akhir Zaman Batu. Ketika berbicara dengan wartawan dari kantor berita Cihan dan dengan reporter Todays Zaman, Alp bersikeras bahwa benda itu adalah mobil mainan.

 

Direktur Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Mardin, Davut Beliktay, menegaskan bahwa benda yang dipamerkan salah satunya adalah mobil mainan berusia 7.500 tahun. Beliktay mengatakan bahwa mobil itu "seperti salinan" mobil hari ini, menambahkan bahwa benda itu juga menyerupai traktor. Namun sahabat , ia tidak menjelaskan bagaimana mobil mainan bisa berusia 7.500 tahun. Mengomentari mainan kuno lainnya, ia berkata: "Kami percaya bahwa peluit dan boneka berasal dari 5.000 hingga 6.000 tahun yang lalu. Peluit-peluit masih dalam kondisi baik". Beliktay mengatakan kepada pers bahwa informasi yang komprehensif mengenai mobil mainan 7.500-tahun itu akan segera dirilis.

Hal ini bisa menjadi anomali sejarah yang menarik; dan dengan melihatnya, mungkin mainan ini lebih menggambarkan sebuah kereta/chariot daripada sebuah mobil. Tapi meskipun seandainya mainan ini memang kereta, tetap menjadi penemuan yang menarik karena usianya yang 7500 tahun. Namun kita hanya bisa berharap mereka (para ahli dari turki itu) akan menjelaskan dengan tepat bagaimana mereka berpikir bahwa mereka memiliki mobil mainan yang berusia ribuan tahun, dan bukan kereta mainan, yang jauh lebih masuk akal.

Read More

Ciri-ciri Jomblo "Banget"

Jomblo. Di dunia ini, ada banyak macam jomblo dan macam-macam statusnya. Ada yang statusnya diakui, disamakan, ataupun diabaikan karena gebetannya lebih memilih balikan sama mantannya. Jomblo adalah suatu keadaan ketika seseorang nggak bisa menemukan belahan jiwanya. Dan jomblo banget adalah yang udah gak menemukan, tapi maksa-maksa sampai akhirnya sadar bahwa memaksakan bukanlah bagian dari jalan menuju terbebasnya diri dari status jomblo.

Seseorang yang jomblo banget adalah seseorang yang lebih cenderung defensive dalam mencari pasangan. Lebih tenang dan sabar karena banyak pengalaman selama jadi jomblo. Beda sama jomblo baru yang tiap tikungan ada mantan gebetannya, jomblo banget lebih selektif dalam mencari pasangan. Bahkan mungkin karena terlalu selektif inilah, dia jadi jomblo banget.

Jomblo banget punya banyak cara dalam mengatasi kemungkinan yang timbul waktu PDKT. Jomblo banget punya ciri yang spesifik di hidupnya. Kalian mau tahu ciri-ciri orang yang termasuk jomblo banget? Yakin? Jangan nyesel ya kalau ternyata itu adalah ciri-ciri kalian. Nih.

1. Bisa Bedain PHP

Jomblo banget adalah jomblo yang udah bolak-balik PDKT tapi gagal terus. Saking seringnya PDKT, dia jadi hafal alur dan skenario dalam ber-PDKT, termasuk kalau dia menuju ke arah korban PHP. Jomblo banget tahu kapan dia harus menghentikan PDKT-nya ketika dia sadar dia gak bakal berhasil jadi pacar si gebetan. Sebelum semua berlanjut ke arah adik-kakak-an, jomblo banget pasti langsung menghentikan PDKT sekuat tenaga. Jomblo banget adalah orang yang yakin, sejomblo-jomblonya dia, gak rela kalau cuma jadi adik/kakak gebetannya karena itu hanya membuat dia makan hati sendiri.

2. Kalau Ada BBM

“Bip!” misalkan bunyi BlackBerry si jomblo banget bunyi. Kalau jomblo baru, pasti langsung nyamber BB-nya terus buka notifikasinya. Di dalem hati pasti berkata, “Ah, akhirnya dia bales juga BBM dari gue setelah 2 hari Cuma di-R.” Namun itu semua cuma berakhir jadi harapan karena ternyata BBM yang masuk berbunyi, “RIM sedang down, kirimkan broadcast ini ke semua kontak di BBM kamu, jika tidak nanti ketularan blablabla!” dengan font berwarna ungu. Kecewa.

Beda dengan jomblo banget. Jomblo banget udah tahu kapan dia harus buka notifikasi dari BB-nya. Karena dia yakin kalau dalam sehari dia gak ngirim BBM ke temannya, lalu BB-nya bunyi, dia tahu itu pasti broadcast message atau cuma notifikasi dari grup BBM-nya yang rumpi dan bawel. Ingat, jomblo banget adalah orang yang yakin.

3. Kalau Ada SMS atau Telepon

Sekeren-kerennya aplikasi messenger, kalau error pasti kembali ke SMS dan telepon. Jomblo adalah orang yang responsif sama bunyi handphone. Saking responsifnya, yang bunyi handphone punya orang, yang ribet nyari sumber bunyi malah si jomblo. Wajarlah, jomblo, terutama yang lagi PDKT, pengen segalanya sempurna saat PDKT, termasuk gak telat angkat telepon ataupun bales SMS gebetannya.

Beda dengan jomblo banget. Mereka seringnya udah tahu, terus bergumam, “Ah, paling juga dari operator, atau nomer asing nawarin jadi agen pulsa.”

4. Gaya Nge-tweet

Twitter adalah sarang jomblo. Di sana, semua tipe jomblo berkumpul. Sayangnya, belum ada paguyubannya aja, jadi kurang terkondisi. Jomblo baru adalah jomblo yang sensitif banget di Twitter. Kalau ada orang yang nge-bully jomblo di Twitter, dia langsung panas. Langsung gak terima dan ngambek sama orang yang nge-tweet. Langsung unfollow, padahal gak ngaruh apa-apa juga buat orang yang nge-tweet.

Kalau jomblo banget, seperti yang udah kalian tahu dia lebih tenang menghadapi bully semacam itu di twitter. Justru dengan kejombloannya itu dia malah bangga. Kalau ada orang yang nge-bully jomblo lewat tweet  dia justru nge-retweet dengan, “Gue banget!” Atau jomblo yang lebih banget-banget adalah orang yang nge-bully jomblo laininya buat nutupin kejombloannya. Jomblo teriak jomblo.

sumber : nyunyu.com

Read More

Bahaya Memperbesar Kelamin Pada Pria

Makin besar kelamin pria maka pasangan akan makin puas. Anggapan seperti ini masih menjadi pola pikir bagi sebagian pria. Tak heran bila banyak kaum pria yang rela melakukan berbagai cara demi menambah ukuran organ intimnya. Padahal, metode sembarangan dan dilakukan oleh orang yang bukan ahli di bidangnya justru bisa menyebabkan kerusakan permanen pada alat vitalnya. 

Dr Nur Rasyid mengingatkan para pria supaya tidak melakukan upaya memperbesar alat kelamin karena pada pria dewasa sebenarnya alat kelaminnya sudah mencapai ukuran maksimal. Jadi, tidak mungkin bisa diperbesar lagi. Upaya pembesaran masih bisa dilakukan pada anak laki-laki yang usianya belum memasuki usia puber atau prepubertal. Pada usia ini alat kelamin pria masih bisa tumbuh bila dilakukan upaya pembesaran. 

Pria yang telah memasuki usia 21 tahun umumnya organ vitalnya sudah matang secara sempurna. Organ vital pria akan bertambah besar saat mengalami ereksi sebab terjadi peningkatan suplai darah di pembuluh darah penis. Jadi, bila ereksi lancar maka penis akan membesar secara alami. 

Sayangnya, tidak semua pria mengetahui ukuran penis yang normal. Masih banyak yang merasa ukuran yang dimilikinya kecil, padahal sebenarnya normal. Ukuran penis rata-rata orang Indonesia yang dianggap cukup untuk memenuhi fungsi organ seksual mencapai 9 sentimeter saat ereksi.

Banyaknya iklan yang menggembar-gemborkan berbagai prosedur pembesaran penis sebenarnya hanya omong kosong belaka. Penis bukanlah otot yang bisa dilatih dengan olahraga macam apapun. Tidak ada juga alat yang bisa membuatnya lebih panjang atau lebih kuat. 

Berbagai metode penambahan volume seperti penyuntikn silikon atau minyak tradisional di bawah kulit penis justru bisa membahayakan organ vital pria. Metode pembesaran dengan meyuntikan bahan berbahaya di alat kelamin akan terlihat baik pada awalnya. Tapi, kondisi seperti itu tidak bisa berlangsung lama. Efeknya paling lama akan bertahan sekitar enam sampai dua belas bulan. 

Setelah itu, kulit dan bentuk penis bisa mengalami kerusakan. Efeknya mungkin hampir sama dengan penyuntikan silikon di wajah atau dada. Bila sembarangan, hasilnya tentu akan buruk. Mensyukuri yang telah ada jauh lebih baik ketimbang merubah sesuatu yang belum tentu menjadi lebih baik. Semoga bermanfaat.

sumber : doktersehat.com

Read More

Siklus Menstruasi

Sebagaimana disebutkan pada artikel Fisiologi Menstruasi sebelumnya, Sikuls menstruasi normal dapat dibagi menjadi 2 segmen yaitu, siklus ovarium (indung telur) dan siklus uterus (rahim). Siklus indung telur terbagi lagi menjadi 2 bagian, yaitu siklus folikular dan siklus luteal, sedangkan siklus uterus dibagi menjadi masa proliferasi (pertumbuhan) dan masa sekresi.

Sistem hormonal yang mempengaruhi siklus menstruasi adalah:

1. FSH-RH (follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone) yang dikeluarkan hipotalamus untuk merangsang hipofisis mengeluarkan FSH
2. LH-RH (luteinizing hormone releasing hormone) yang dikeluarkan hipotalamus untuk merangsang hipofisis mengeluarkan LH
3. PIH (prolactine inhibiting hormone) yang menghambat hipofisis untuk mengeluarkan prolaktin

 

  Gambar 2. Siklus Hormonal

Pada setiap siklus menstruasi, FSH yang dikeluarkan oleh hipofisis merangsang perkembangan folikel-folikel di dalam ovarium (indung telur). Pada umumnya hanya 1 folikel yang terangsang namun dapat perkembangan dapat menjadi lebih dari 1, dan folikel tersebut berkembang menjadi folikel de graaf yang membuat estrogen.

Estrogen ini menekan produksi FSH, sehingga hipofisis mengeluarkan hormon yang kedua yaitu LH. Produksi hormon LH maupun FSH berada di bawah pengaruh releasing hormones yang disalurkan hipotalamus ke hipofisis.

Penyaluran RH dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme umpan balik estrogen terhadap hipotalamus. Produksi hormon gonadotropin (FSH dan LH) yang baik akan menyebabkan pematangan dari folikel de graaf yang mengandung estrogen.

Estrogen mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dari endometrium. Di bawah pengaruh LH, folikel de graaf menjadi matang sampai terjadi ovulasi. Setelah ovulasi terjadi, dibentuklah korpus rubrum yang akan menjadi korpus luteum, di bawah pengaruh hormon LH dan LTH (luteotrophic hormones, suatu hormon gonadotropik).

Korpus luteum menghasilkan progesteron yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kelenjar endometrium. Bila tidak ada pembuahan maka korpus luteum berdegenerasi dan mengakibatkan penurunan kadar estrogen dan progesteron. Penurunan kadar hormon ini menyebabkan degenerasi, perdarahan, dan pelepasan dari endometrium. Proses ini disebut haid atau menstruasi. Apabila terdapat pembuahan dalam masa ovulasi, maka korpus luteum tersebut dipertahankan.

Pada tiap siklus dikenal 3 masa utama yaitu:

1. Masa menstruasi yang berlangsung selama 2-8 hari. Pada saat itu endometrium (selaput rahim) dilepaskan sehingga timbul perdarahan dan hormon-hormon ovarium berada dalam kadar paling rendah
2. Masa proliferasi dari berhenti darah menstruasi sampai hari ke-14. Setelah menstruasi berakhir, dimulailah fase proliferasi dimana terjadi pertumbuhan dari desidua fungsionalis untuk mempersiapkan rahim untuk perlekatan janin. Pada fase ini endometrium tumbuh kembali. Antara hari ke-12 sampai 14 dapat terjadi pelepasan sel telur dari indung telur (disebut ovulasi)
3. Masa sekresi. Masa sekresi adalah masa sesudah terjadinya ovulasi. Hormon progesteron dikeluarkan dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan endometrium untuk membuat kondisi rahim siap untuk implantasi (perlekatan janin ke rahim)

Siklus ovarium :

1. Fase folikular. Pada fase ini hormon reproduksi bekerja mematangkan sel telur yang berasal dari 1 folikel kemudian matang pada pertengahan siklus dan siap untuk proses ovulasi (pengeluaran sel telur dari indung telur). Waktu rata-rata fase folikular pada manusia berkisar 10-14 hari, dan variabilitasnya mempengaruhi panjang siklus menstruasi keseluruhan
2. Fase luteal. Fase luteal adalah fase dari ovulasi hingga menstruasi dengan jangka waktu rata-rata 14 hari

Siklus hormonal dan hubungannya dengan siklus ovarium serta uterus di dalam siklus menstruasi normal:

1. Setiap permulaan siklus menstruasi, kadar hormon gonadotropin (FSH, LH) berada pada level yang rendah dan sudah menurun sejak akhir dari fase luteal siklus sebelumnya
2. Hormon FSH dari hipotalamus perlahan mengalami peningkatan setelah akhir dari korpus luteum dan pertumbuhan folikel dimulai pada fase folikular. Hal ini merupakan pemicu untuk pertumbuhan lapisan endometrium
3. Peningkatan level estrogen menyebabkan feedback negatif pada pengeluaran FSH hipofisis. Hormon LH kemudian menurun sebagai akibat dari peningkatan level estradiol, tetapi pada akhir dari fase folikular level hormon LH meningkat drastis (respon bifasik)
4. Pada akhir fase folikular, hormon FSH merangsang reseptor (penerima) hormon LH yang terdapat pada sel granulosa, dan dengan rangsangan dari hormon LH, keluarlah hormon progesteron
5. Setelah perangsangan oleh hormon estrogen, hipofisis LH terpicu yang menyebabkan terjadinya ovulasi yang muncul 24-36 jam kemudian. Ovulasi adalah penanda fase transisi dari fase proliferasi ke sekresi, dari folikular ke luteal
6. Kedar estrogen menurun pada awal fase luteal dari sesaat sebelum ovulasi sampai fase pertengahan, dan kemudian meningkat kembali karena sekresi dari korpus luteum
7. Progesteron meningkat setelah ovulasi dan dapat merupakan penanda bahwa sudah terjadi ovulasi
8. Kedua hormon estrogen dan progesteron meningkat selama masa hidup korpus luteum dan kemuadian menurun untuk mempersiapkan siklus berikutnya.

 sumber :  dr. Tri Rejeki Herdiana

 

Read More

Mitosis and Cancer

Do you know how cancer happens? It's not just some random bundle of abnormal tissues that get tucked within a particular organ overnight! A cancer is the body's way of playing the devil with you, using the very same resources which nature originally equipped it with and which it is supposed to use for the growth, replacement and reparation of dead or damaged tissues. Oh yes, I am talking about cells alright! So, what is it about cells that the body can manipulate, unintentionally of course (you sink, your body sinks so it has to play along.... it's as simple as that), in such a way that in due course of its being created, it turns on a deviant path and becomes cancerous? Now we're talkin'! Pay close attention to the following segment about mitosis and cancer relationship to properly grasp the finer, more complex nuances of this subject.

 

What is the Link Between Mitosis and Cancer?
Continuing from where I left in the previous paragraph, a cancer cell is nothing but a regular cell with its DNA gone crazy! You see, the way a cell behaves right from the time it grows through the functional duration of its life cycle till its eventual, and necessary, death, the genetic matter present inside it decides what course it will take, how long will its life be and, most importantly, what growth trend will it exhibit. This last factor is what primarily differentiates a cancer cell from a normal one. Okay, let me put it this way. A cell begins its existence as a cancer cell as soon as its inception starts. When all biological matter is assembled for putting together a single cell, the genetic matter, the DNA, undergoes an abnormal mutation. Say, for instance, out of a batch of a thousand new cells, the DNA of one cell shows this mutation and, as a result, begins growing abnormally, turning into a cancer cell.

Just how much harm can one abnormal cell among a million normal ones (the thousand new plus the remaining pre-existing ones) do? This is where mitosis comes into the picture. In case you're not very clear about the nitty-gritties of cellular biology, mitosis is the process wherein a fully developed, mature cell divides into two, much like the way many micro organisms undergo binary fission to reproduce. You see, when a cell has grown to a certain stage, it becomes ready for division into two identical cellular units, having exactly the same number of chromosomes, DNA structure and all other elements of cellular architecture. Now, mitosis is that part of this preparatory phase (for cell division) where the parent cell makes an identical copy of its genome (which is composed of chromosomes) such that on division, both daughter cells will have exactly the same genomic structure and characteristics as the parent cell had before division. Get the wind yet? No? Well, since a cell becomes cancerous and shows abnormal growth owing to the development of a DNA mutation within its genome, mitosis just plays the role of a genetic photocopy machine - it makes identical copies of the parent cell's genome, mutation and all!

So, once cellular division happens, what began as a pro-cancer mutation in a single cell multiplies twofold and that's just the beginning. As these daughter cells mature and prepare for cellular division in their respective eukaryotic cycles (oh yes, mitosis occurs only in eukaryotic cells), they also undergo mitosis, the mutated DNA gets copied yet again and now, instead of two, there are four cancer cells in the body. This chain continues till the abnormal cells grow so large in number that they manifest their presence as malignant tissue growths and tumors. Mitosis is the process by which genetic matter gets identically replicated many times over. Since cancer is caused by a damage or mutation to cellular DNA, mitosis plays an active role in spreading cancer in the body by making exact copies of these damaged and mutated cellular genetic materials. Medical intervention is the only way to stub out this type of malignant cellular propagation in the body. 

 

Article by : Ishani Chatterjee Shukla

Read More

Alasan Harus Jomblo di Bulan Puasa

Bulan puasa itu bulan yang penuh berkah, tak terkecuali untuk para jomblo. Di bulan Ramadan ini kalian yang jomblo nggak perlu lagi nge-tweet sedih-sedihan lagilah. Lagian sedih-sedihan yang berlebih dan yang disengaja itu termasuk berpotensi membatalkan puasa. Mending kita lihat kehidupan ini dari perspektif yang positif. 

 

Di bulan puasa itu jomblo bisa berjaya. Banyak banget keuntungan yang bisa diambil dengan menjalani puasa tanpa seorang kekasih. Pastinya, yang sudah pacaran bisa iri dengan para jomblo di bulan puasa. Kenapa? Kita bkua semua jawabannya di sini.

 

Memperbanyak Tabungan THR

Pacaran di bulan puasa nggak berarti kita bisa mengurangi pengeluaran. Yang ada justru sebaliknya, kita berpotensi mengeluarkan lebih banyak uang kalau pacaran selama puasa: untuk buka puasa bareng, sahur on the road, atau malah untuk ngirimin parcel. Nah, dengan menjomblo kita nggak perlu memikirkan biaya-biaya itu. Alhasil simpanan uang makin tebal. Apalagi kalau kamu adalah jomblo rumahan, buka di rumah sahur di rumah, uang jajan kita bisa-bisa nggak kesentuh sama sekali selama sebulan. Lumayan banget kan untuk nambah-nambah beli baju lebaran.

 

Nggak Perlu Bangun Sahur Lebih dulu

Ada yang bilang salah satu alasan di bulan puasa harus punya pacar adalah agar kita punya pengganti alarm. Pacar yang baik selalu mengingatkan saat waktu-waktu penting di bulang puasa tiba, kayak sahur dan jam buka puasa. Nah, kalau kamu jomblo, kamu nggak perlu repot-repot memikirkan itu. Kamu nggak perlu bangun sahur lebih pagi demi bangunin pacar atau malah sok-sok romantis bawain makanan sahur ke tempat pacar. Sebagai jomblo kamu bebas sahur kapan aja…asalkan sebelum imsak yah.

 

Bisa Ngecengin Cewek Pas Tarawih

Selain tempat mencari pahala, momen solat tarawih juga bisa jadi tempat mencari kecengan. Hal ini tentu saja cuma bisa dilakukan para jomblo. Orang yang pacaran mah pasti sibuk chatting, saling pantau sama pacar, terutama yang pacarnya posesif bentar-bentar nanya “Sekarang udah rakaat keberapa?”.

 

Satu alasan yang bikin momen tarawih asik banget untuk ngeceng adalah karena aura serta pesona seseorang itu akan bertambah kalau abis beribadah. Para jomblo bisa hunting besar-besaran di sana. Yang punya pacar, pengin ikutan juga, tapi terhalang oleh bayangan galak dan posesifnya pacar.

 

Untuk kalian yang anak komplek banget, salat tarawih bisa jadi ajang untuk mencari kembang komplek yang jarang keluar rumah. Bukan nggak mungkin kan kita pulang bawa gandengan.

 

Bagi jomblo yang berniat ngeceng, jangan lupa yah untuk dandan lebih rapih kalau mau ke masjid. Pake parfum, celana jins, kemeja dan kalau perlu pakai sepatu sekalian walau jarak rumah dan masjidnya dua langkah doang.

 

Jauh Dari Resiko Batal

Jomblo bisa berbangga hati untuk hal yang satu ini. Kenapa? Karena biasanya anak-anak yang pacaran itu jadi sasaran empuk guru di sekolah atau penceramah di masjid yang lagi ceramah tentang cara mengoptimalkan puasa. Biasanya mereka nyinyir banget sama orang-orang yang pacaran di bulan puasa. Maklum, pacaran sangat beresiko menimbulkan syahwat dan syahwat udah pasti mengurangi pahala puasa atau bahkan membatalkan puasa.

 

Jadi, kamu yang jomblo udah pasti terhidar dari bahaya tersebut. Eh, tapi hati-hati juga yah, biasanya jomblo, terutama yang cowok, kalau bangun tidur tergoda untuk ‘pacaran’ sama tangannya. Waspadalah!

nyunyu.com

Read More

Orthorexia

Menjaga asupan dengan makanan sehat memang penting supaya kita terhindar dari penyakit dan kegemukan. Tetapi jangan sampai hal itu menjadi obsesi karena justru dapat membahayakan kesehatan. Orthorexia atau obsesi pada makanan sehat adalah istilah baru untuk menggambarkan seseorang yang sangat terobsesi pada pola makan yang sempurna dan diolah dengan higienis, serta diatur jadwal dan takarannya.

Kaum wanita adalah kelompok yang paling rentan terjebak pada gangguan orthorexia ini. Mungkin hal ini karena ada tuntutan bagi kaum hawa untuk selalu tampil fit dan bertubuh ideal. Sebenarnya, apa yang salah dengan memperhatikan secara cermat apa yang kita makan? Memang tidak ada, tetapi jika hal itu sudah menjadi obsesi dan menuntut kesempurnaan, maka kita akan menjadi stres dan ujungnya justru mengganggu kesehatan. Menjalani pola makan yang ketat juga akan membuat tubuh kekurangan nutrisi penting yang sebenarnya diperlukan. 

Ada beberapa jenis makanan yang kerap dihindari oleh pengidap orthorexia, antara lain produk susu, daging, dan juga telur. Menghilangkan makanan tersebut dari daftar asupan harian akan membuat tubuh kekurangan vitamin B12 yang diperlukan untuk fungsi otak dan produksi sel darah merah. Makanan yang berasal dari padi-padian dan mengandung gluten juga sering dihindari. Padi-padian utuh sebenarnya mengandung mineral penting, misalnya magnesium untuk tulang sehat dan saraf, atau mangan untuk fungsi hati yang sehat. 

Selain itu lemak termasuk dalam makanan yang "haram" bagi pengidap orthorexia. Padahal, lemak berkualitas baik yang ditemukan dalam minyak zaitun, lemak, dan kacang-kacangan, diperlukan tubuh. Lemak jenis ini membuat kulit sehat dan melindungi organ-organ vital. 

Konsumsi lemak yang cukup juga membuat perut terasa kenyang lebih lama dan membantu penyerapan vitamin larut lemak seperti vitamin A dan D. Obsesi pada sesuatu hal, termasuk pola makan sehat, berarti Anda menempatkan diri dalam stres terus menerus. Hal ini bisa memicu hormon stres seperti kortisol dan adrenalin. 

Normalnya, hormon stres hanya dikelaurkan ketika kita menghadapi situasi yang mengancam untuk meningkatkan suplai energi supaya kita langsung bertindak cepat. Tetapi saat pikiran kita percaya adanya ancaman yang konstan, bahkan hormon stres dalam jumlah kecil, akan mengganggu sistem pencernaan, sistem reproduksi, serta proses pertumbuhan. Sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter gizi sebelum Anda menjalankan regimen diet baru. Jangan biarkan ketakutan berlebihan pada makanan tidak sehat justru membuat Anda semakin tidak sehat.

Read More

Qualities of a Good Teacher

Teaching, since ages, has been acclaimed as a noble profession. A profession where there is dignity, respect, and novelty! Trying to share what you know with a person in a way, that knowledge transition is smooth and flawless, is definitely an art in itself. And this is possible only if the teacher is dedicated, knowledgeable and passionate and at the same time, a teacher by choice! Isn't it? A good teacher discovers the hidden talent in a child and polishes it until, the talent shows out in the crowd.

Top 5 Qualities a Good Teacher Should Possess
Besides the sound educational background that this profession demands, qualities like patience, compassion and innovativeness are essential too! So here are some answers for what are the qualities of a good teacher. Scroll through and you may benefit from them, if a teaching job is what you are looking for.

Inculcate...
Inculcate the thirst for knowledge! Children are playful, no matter which age group they belong to. Garnering their attention is a herculean task. But a good teacher, does that with ease. How? Replace the concept "greed for marks" with "greed for knowledge". Devise techniques to make your subject interesting. Children are passionate learners and pick up things instantly which intrigue them, interest them. If it is Math, involve them in some cool math games or some puzzling riddles to help them rake their brains! Help the child with the concept. Guide the child through a problem, he does not understand, but do not offer immediate solutions. Make him feel the joy of exploring solutions by himself and understand what he has learned and I bet, the child will never forget, what he has learned with efforts!

Discover and Encourage...
Discover and rear hidden talents! Every child is unique and none of them is weak. Each one of them covets a hidden talent, waiting to be discovered at the right time. In a class of many children, few grasp instantly in the first go and a few lag behind in understanding, which does not mean the later are dumb. It means, they need attention! As a teacher, one must monitor not only the academic development of a child, but also the personal and extracurricular growth of a child. Who knows, your class might be having the best orator, or the best singer or the best rugby player! The real challenge for a teacher lies in his/her passion to transform a not so artful student into a clever one! And small bouts of appreciation, every now and then, can do wonders by turning around a dull brain into an intelligent head. A good teacher will discover such concealed but invincible talents and nurture them, to make the student stand apart in the crowd!

Interact...
Interact as much as possible! A good teacher will interact more often with all his/her students! When teaching a concept, make sure to ask students a lot of questions. Because, children are kinesthetic learners and everything that children associate with, is a question like "why", "how" and "what", with a visual perception. So, for a teacher, the body language, facial expression and presentation style should be in sync with the subject concepts, that are being imparted in the session. One can also make it a point to prepare a questionnaire of the previous day's session and ask them in the next session. This is a checkpoint for students, which will keep them proactive and alert all the time. Also, encourage team work in your classroom sessions. It will help the students understand the significance of "United we stand, divided we fall".

Go Innovative...
Creativity is an aspect mastered by passion. And this is one of the most important qualities of a good teacher. When you teach a child, the important point is whether he retains what you have taught or not. And that can be found out if teaching methods are engrossing. Make your subjects interesting and you will have a class full of curious eyes and ears, absorbing in every session you deliver. After all, students should learn out of impulsion and not out of compulsion! For instance, Maths is a subject of brain teasers with theorems and riders comprising the most part of Trigonometry. Riders are problems, which can be solved in various ways by applying different theorems. Encourage the students to try out different ways to solve the same rider or a problem and you will be assured by the end of the session, that every child is a genius in himself. Innovative classroom teaching involves passion, attention and a positive attitude towards the profession. Who knows, you might get to learn a lot from your students.

Be the Role Model...
If you want your students to excel, it is you who has to excel first! Be a role model to your student. An open mind is what a good teacher must have and at the same time, impart the same to the students. You may get a varied set of students every year, of which, some students may be notorious, some may be introvert, some may be outstanding and yet some others may be indifferent. But remember, all those students, who are not able to achieve their target, need help and the one person who can give them that shade from their problems, is you and you alone! To be a role model to students, calmness, compassion, patience and perseverance are the key traits for the teacher. This will help in understanding the psychology of the children, in order to gauge the child development.

Qualities of a Good Preschool Teacher

Qualities of a good teacher come with years of experience and understanding and definitely a lot by choice. Good teacher qualities, which have been stated above, are adept for a teacher who is teaching in middle school. However to become a teacher in preschool, things can get difficult and cumbersome, as children are small, willful, moody and extremely naughty. Teaching such small kids can be a trying time!

A preschool teacher should be endowed with extraordinary levels of patience and enthusiasm, with compassion and creativity factor attached to them. She is the one, who should always have an enticing smile dancing in her face! A smile is one of the best ways of initiating a sound relationship with a child. Besides, the teacher must be an excellent listener to the incessant chatter of the pre school kids. Also, the teacher must understand the needs of the child and expectations of the parent and act accordingly.A sound educational background is a must, even if it is preschool. Attention and dedication form the bulwark of preschool teaching, where every child needs dedicated attention for its personal development. After all, little children are like flowers, they blossom only when they are tended with love, care and affection!

buzzel.com

Read More

Low Hemoglobin Levels

Hemoglobin (Hb) is an oxygen carrying protein present in the red blood cells. We all know that the oxygen we breathe is transported to the rest of the body by blood. The actual work of transporting oxygen is done by the hemoglobin. It does this work by binding the molecules to itself and carrying them to those parts of the body where oxygen is needed. Hence we can see that hemoglobin performs a very important function.

 

So, a problem of low hemoglobin is understandably grave, as if there isn't enough hemoglobin in blood, the oxygen supply to various parts of the body will be less. If the oxygen isn't supplied to various parts of the body, its functioning will be hampered. The most common symptom shown is fatigue. People with low hemoglobin levels get very tired as their cells do not get enough oxygen to perform their activities. Other common symptoms include fainting, loss of normal skin color and shortness of breath. When the body is short of hemoglobin, the heart has to pump the blood harder than normal to ensure that the oxygen reaches where it is needed. Hence, there is a chance that continued low levels may result in heart diseases.

Before we get into the details, we first need to know how hemoglobin levels are calculated and how these are measured. Hemoglobin is measured based on a sample of blood extracted from your body. While measuring it, you have to first extract a little blood from your body as a sample. You put your blood sample on a machine. These days, there are machines that are designed to perform basic blood analysis. These machines break down the composition of red blood cells to measure the hemoglobin in it. It is measured as the amount of hemoglobin in grams in the blood per deciliter (100ml) of blood.

Normal and Low Levels
The normal hemoglobin levels vary based on the age and gender of the person who is being tested. The widely accepted levels for people of various age groups are given below.

Newborn Babies: 17-22 gm/dl
Children: 11-13 gm/dl
Adult Males: 14-18 gm/dl
Adult Women: 12-16 gm/dl
Elderly Males: 12.4-14.9 gm/dl
Elderly Females: 11.7-13.8 gm/dl

Causes of Low Levels of Hemoglobin
So if your hemoglobin level is lower than the lower limit for your group, that means you have low hemoglobin levels.

Low hemoglobin levels are usually due to nutritional deficiency especially iron deficiency. If you are not consuming the required daily amount of iron, vitamin B12 and folate, you are going to have the problem.
One of the reasons for perpetually low levels is a bone marrow problem.
Among temporary reasons of low levels we have accidents or surgeries that led to severe loss of blood and medications that may affect hemoglobin levels.
A rather serious cause is anemia, the cause of which can be low intake of vitamins or chronic diseases.

Hemoglobin levels can be resurrected by following a balanced diet. A person with low hemoglobin levels needs to consume enough iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. If that doesn't work, then one may have to resort to consuming the above nutrients externally in the form of supplements.

buzzel

Read More

Why Is Arsenic Bad for You?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced that it will now limit the amount of arsenic allowed in apple juice.

The limit is set at 10 parts per billion (ppb), which is the same amount allowed in drinking water. This means the FDA can have products removed from the market if their levels of arsenic exceed that level.

The FDA stressed that levels of arsenic in apple juice are generally low, and an analysis by the agency released last year did not find any apple-juice products that would be disallowed under the new regulations.

"The FDA is proposing an action level to help prevent public exposure to the occasional lots of apple juice with arsenic levels above those permitted in drinking water,” Michael R. Taylor, deputy commissioner for foods and veterinary medicine at the FDA, said in a statement.

The announcement comes after Consumer Reports, along with television doctor Dr. Mehmet Oz, revealed some apple-juice products contain arsenic levels above the allowable limit for drinking water.

Arsenic can be found in apple juice and other foods because the element occurs naturally in the environment, and can also be the result of human activity, such as the use of arsenic-containing pesticides.

There are two types of arsenic: organic and inorganic. Inorganic arsenic is a known carcinogen, and chronic exposure to low levels of it has been linked to increased risks of bladder, lung and skin cancers; skin discoloration; Type 2 diabetes; and cardiovascular disease. Exposure to high levels of inorganic arsenic can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and even death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The FDA limits apply to inorganic arsenic.

Most arsenic is excreted by the body during urination, the CDC says. Arsenic is toxic at high levels because it can interfere with the way cells produce energy.

Some researchers have also expressed concern over arsenic levels found in rice. So far, there is no limit for arsenic in food, but in 2012, the FDA said it was investigating the topic.

The FDA has not yet made recommendations on whether consumers should change their diets to curb rice consumption due to unacceptable arsenic levels. However, the agency does recommend that people vary their diet to minimize the potential risks that may come from consuming one particular food.

Livescience

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced that it will now limit the amount of arsenic allowed in apple juice.
The limit is set at 10 parts per billion (ppb), which is the same amount allowed in drinking water. This means the FDA can have products removed from the market if their levels of arsenic exceed that level.
The FDA stressed that levels of arsenic in apple juice are generally low, and an analysis by the agency released last year did not find any apple-juice products that would be disallowed under the new regulations.

"The FDA is proposing an action level to help prevent public exposure to the occasional lots of apple juice with arsenic levels above those permitted in drinking water,” Michael R. Taylor, deputy commissioner for foods and veterinary medicine at the FDA, said in a statement.
The announcement comes after Consumer Reports, along with television doctor Dr. Mehmet Oz, revealed some apple-juice products contain arsenic levels above the allowable limit for drinking water.
Arsenic can be found in apple juice and other foods because the element occurs naturally in the environment, and can also be the result of human activity, such as the use of arsenic-containing pesticides. [See 5 Things You Should Know About Arsenic]
There are two types of arsenic: organic and inorganic. Inorganic arsenic is a known carcinogen, and chronic exposure to low levels of it has been linked to increased risks of bladder, lung and skin cancers; skin discoloration; Type 2 diabetes; and cardiovascular disease. Exposure to high levels of inorganic arsenic can cause vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and even death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The FDA limits apply to inorganic arsenic.
Most arsenic is excreted by the body during urination, the CDC says. Arsenic is toxic at high levels because it can interfere with the way cells produce energy.
Some researchers have also expressed concern over arsenic levels found in rice. So far, there is no limit for arsenic in food, but in 2012, the FDA said it was investigating the topic.
The FDA has not yet made recommendations on whether consumers should change their diets to curb rice consumption due to unacceptable arsenic levels. However, the agency does recommend that people vary their diet to minimize the potential risks that may come from consuming one particular food.
- See more at: http://www.livescience.com/38137-arsenic-fda-apple-juice-toxicity.html#sthash.GDwaG3q9.dpuf

Read More

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Chemistry Within Us

Chemistry plays a vital role in our survival, and life without chemicals can't even be imagined. They participate in the primary functions of the body, control our emotions, oversee the metabolic processes and keep diseases at bay. The oxygen that we breathe, the essential nutrients that we require, the genetic make-up of our body - the DNA and RNA - are all made up of different elements and compounds. Let us take a look at few such instances that involve chemistry, and are an integral part of our existence.

1. Composition of the Human Body

Roughly 96% of our body mass is made up of just 4 elements:- Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. The remaining 3% consists of around 60 elements that include sodium, potassium, calcium, zinc etc., and the list goes on. The elements that are required in larger amounts are called macro-nutrients and the others that are needed in minute quantities, usually in parts per million or less, are called micro-nutrients. Chemically, the human body is made up of water and organic compounds- carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

2. Metabolism

The organic processes taking place in the human body are termed as metabolism, which involves huge number of chemical reactions. The enzymes that are secreted by different organs act as biocatalysts that speed up the rate of these reactions, whereas the hormones regulate their occurrence, time and speed. Our well-being, smooth functioning and normal health depends on these metabolic processes. The coordination and simultaneous occurrences of these life processes in an orderly manner is the reason we are fit, healthy and alive.

3. Respiration

Breathing is the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment. Respiration is a chemical process, which is a reaction between glucose or sugars with oxygen, that release energy. It is the process in which inhalation of oxygen from the air causes inflation of the lungs and then deflation occurs by exhaling carbon dioxide into the environment. The reaction that takes place during breathing is :-

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ➜ 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

4. Composition of Water

Water is the elixir of life on Earth. Hydrogen - a highly-combustible gas and Oxygen - a gas without which combustion is impossible, form a covalent bond with each other to create the most effective fire extinguisher which is water. The chemical formula of water is H2O. Yes! We drink a chemical everyday. Water is important for all the metabolic processes that occur inside our body. As Leonardo da Vinci stated "Water is the driving force of all nature."

5. Feeling Hungry

When you feel hungry the hormone ghrelin is secreted by the stomach that triggers hunger. It stimulates the release of the growth hormone. It plays a role in the release of insulin and protection of the cardiovascular organs. So, the next time your stomach growls grab a bite because if you fast or skip meals, more ghrelin is produced thus increasing your craving for food.

6. Digestion

Gastric acid is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and large quantities of potassium chloride(KCl) and sodium chloride(NaCl) that is secreted by the parietal cells lining the stomach. This gastric acid helps convert pepsinogen to pepsin which is responsible for the denaturing of the proteins in the stomach. It also kills the micro-organisms in the food before they can make you sick. The HCl neutralizes the acid present in the foods you eat thereby maintaining your body's acidic or alkaline levels to keep you healthy.

7. Tears and Crying

Sometimes, crying is a natural reflex. Studies have shown that emotional tears contain more manganese, an element that affects temperament and more prolactin. Prolactin is a hormone that regulates milk production. This elimination of manganese and prolactin is thought to ease out tension building up in the body and you feel energized and rejuvenated. So, the next time you feel low and need to vent your emotions, don't hold back. Just cry! It will help you feel better.

8. Chemistry of LOVE

You fall in love or are attracted to someone and have a feeling of belonging due to an increase in the secretion of -Phenylethylamine (PEA, or the "love chemical") and the hormones testosterone and estrogen which promote mating. When we fall in love, our brain releases dopamine, norepinephrine and pheromones consistently, which evoke the pleasure center in the brain leading to side effects such as increased heart rate, insomnia, an intense feeling of excitement, elation and focused attention.

9. Coffee and Sleep

Coffee keeps you awake due to the presence of caffeine in it. This caffeine increases dopamine levels in our bodies that stimulates the 'pleasure areas' in our brain making us feel good. It increases the adrenaline secretion in the body and speeds up activity in the brain that keeps us awake.

10. Body Odor

Perspiration is a way in which the body cools itself. Body odor mainly originates from the apocrine glands which are found in the armpits, ears, breasts, the genitals and hair follicles that become active at the onset of puberty. The sweat that these glands release is slight yellow in color due to the presence of fatty acids and proteins in it. The bacteria that thrive on our skin break down the secretions of the apocrine glands and create smelly odors.

These are some of the examples of chemistry inside our body. Let's look at some examples of chemistry in day-to-day life that take place around us.

Chemistry Around Us
Chemical reactions influence the stuff around us and there are numerous instances where chemicals and chemistry helps us live a better life. The cooking of food, the clothes we wear, fertilizers that we use for crops, cement used for building our houses, the power plants that generate electricity, and many other processes depend on chemistry. The human dependence on this natural science is increasing and to understand this, here are a few examples that highlight the importance of chemistry around us.

1. Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis involves energy transformation and is a chemical process wherein plants, algae and some bacteria produce their own food. It is the synthesis of glucose using carbon dioxide and water in presence of sunlight trapped by chlorophyll present in the leaves. The reaction which occurs is depicted as:

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Light Energy ➜ C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Photosynthesis is the reverse process of respiration. They both are inter-dependent. We get an uninterrupted supply of oxygen, and plants get the carbon dioxide they need. Thus, photosynthesis plays a significant role in our day-to-day life.

2. Color of Meat

There are two types of meat: red and white. Red meat contains a highly pigmented protein called myoglobin that stores oxygen in the muscle cells. More the myoglobin in the cells, the redder is the meat. However, as meat is heated, the proteins break down and shrink in size. When the interior of the meat reaches 170° F, hemichrome (a tan colored compound) levels rise, and the myoglobin becomes metmyoglobin, which gives well-done meat its brown-gray shade. White meat contains glycogen, which has a translucent "glassy" quality when it is raw. When it's cooked, the proteins recombine, or coagulate, and the meat becomes opaque and whitish.

3. Apples Turning Brown

Apples contain an enzyme called polyphenol oxidase (PPO), also known as tyrosinase. Cutting an apple exposes its cells to the atmospheric oxygen and oxidizes the phenolic compounds present in apples. This is called the enzymatic browning that turns a cut apple brown. In addition to apples, enzymatic browning is also evident in bananas, pears, avocados and even potatoes.

4. Crying and Onions

When you cut an onion you break the cells that form the layers in an onion, thus releasing an enzyme alliinase that reacts with a sulfur-containing compound known as 'prensco', which is also released while cutting. This reaction results in the formation of 1-propenyl sulfenic acid. This acid is further converted to Propanethiol S-oxide, a volatile sulfur compound, by the enzyme LF-synthase (meaning Lachrymatory Factor synthesizing enzyme). This gas, known as the Lachrymatory factor (crying factor), reacts with the water in our eyes to form sulfuric acid causing a burning sensation in your eyes and indicating the tear gland to secrete tears.

5. Stain Removers

Soap is formed by the reaction between an alkali and a fatty acid. This produces a molecule with one hydrophilic (water-loving) and one lipophilic (fat-loving) ends. The lipophilic ends stick to oil, grease or dirt. These get engulfed in the soap and are washed away with a fresh stream of water, leaving a clean surface behind. This is just a physical reaction that takes place. Soap and stain removers act as emulsifiers which allow oil and water to mix and so the oily mixtures and difficult stains on body and clothes can be removed after application of soap, stain removers and water.

6. Ripening of Fruits

A simple hydrocarbon gas ethylene switches on the necessary genes that stimulate the secretion of the ripening enzymes which catalyze reactions to change the properties of the fruit. Ethylene channelizes the action of several other chemicals called hydrolase, amylase, kinase and pectinase. These enzymes convert starch to sugar, alter the cell walls to make them softer, neutralize acids and cause the fruit to emit an aroma.

7. Fermentation

Fermentation is the conversion of complex substances to simpler ones under anaerobic conditions. The specific product from fermentation is driven by the type of micro-organisms acting on the substance in which the fermentation occurs. The products of fermentation are alcohols or acids and the release of carbon dioxide. For example, wine produced from fruit juice is an alcohol as a result of fermentation by yeast, whereas beer is the result of yeast fermentation of grain. Antibiotics are obtained through fermentation by molds and some bacteria. Yogurt, cheese and vinegar are products of bacterial fermentation. Leavened bread is obtained by yeast fermentation.

8. Sunscreens

Sunscreens are a combination of organic and inorganic compounds. Inorganic chemicals like titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, form a physical barrier that reflects or scatters UV waves. Organic components like octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) or oxybenzone absorb UV rays and release their energy as heat. This protects our skin from sunburns and detrimental effects like cancer.

9. Nail Paint Removers

Nail paint consists of three types of ingredients which are organic solvents and drying agents, thickeners and hardening agents along with coloring agents. The remover is actually an organic solvent that is used as an ingredient in nail paint which may be acetone or ethyl acetate. So when you apply the remover you are just bringing it back to its original state. The solvent molecules get in between the chains of polymers and separate them, making it easy to wipe it off with a ball of cotton.

10. Static Shocks

All materials are made up of electrical charges in the atoms of the material. There are equal quantities of electrons (negative charges) and protons (positive charges) that try to balance each other in the universe. Friction between two materials causes these charges to redistribute. The electrons from one atom are transferred to the other. As we know, like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. Whenever you touch anything that is a good conductor of electricity, the transfer of the extra electrons that have accumulated takes place, and it gives you the static shock. For example, generally in winters, you get a shock when you get out of the car or when you touch the door knob or filing cabinet.

Read More

Ketika Kamu Jadi ‘Obat Nyamuk’-nya Orang Pacaran

Terkadang, di suatu hubungan pertemanan, kita suka buat janji. Janji itu bunyinya untuk selalu bersama walaupun udah pada dapet pacar sekalipun. Kelihatannya emang menarik. Menjanjikan. Tapi semuanya berubah semu, ketika kamu mendapat kabar ternyata temen kamu udah dapet pacar, tapi dewi fortuna belom berpihak kepada kamu dan membuat kamu bernasib sebaliknya. Jadinya, ya kamu belom dapet pacar, seseorang yang bisa nerima kamu apa adanya.

 

Kisah persahabatanmu pun berlanjut menjadi sebuah cerita tentang dua insan yang menjalin cinta, lagi hangat-hangatnya, dan dihadiri seorang yang bakal menjadi ‘obat nyamuk’ di tengah kehangatan mereka, dan itu adalah kamu.

 

Di awal emang seru, jalan-jalan sama temen dan pacar barunya. Tapi lama-lama kamu mulai sadar. “Kok, jadi garing juga ya.” Dia bisa ketawa-ketiwi sama pacar, bisa peluk-pelukkan, bisa toyor-toyoran, dan semua kenikmatan dan indahnya pacaran, sedangkan kamu cuma bisa ngeliat, lalu ngiler. Karena itu jarang yang menikmati peran sebagai ‘obat nyamuk’. Pengin gak ikut mereka jalan-jalan, tapi diajakkin. Tapi kalo gak ikut, tar dibilang gak setia kawan, gak tepatin janji. Serba salah, kan? Mendingan juga serba murah, enak.

 

Karena itu, sebagai ‘obat nyamuk’ yang baik, kamu harus memahami peran kamu dengan baik. Kalo kasus ini suka dianalogikan dengan nyamuk, ya berarti kamu harus membayangkan diri kamu jadi obat nyamuk. Seperti apa sih?

 

Bakar!

Walaupun obat nyamuk itu cuma buat suasananya jadi nyaman atau terhindar dari nyamuk, tapi dia emang gak diperhatiin.  Biasanya abis dinyalain, terus ditinggal aja di pojokan. Nah, gimana caranya kamu bisa jadi perhatian? Sama banget kayak obat nyamuk, dia bakal diperhatiin kalo dia ngebakar sesuatu. Bayangin aja, obat nyamuk kan ngeluarin asep doang. Kalo dia cuma jadi bau-bauan gak enak doang, mana ada yang suka.

 

Tapi obat nyamuk bakal diperhatiin banget kalo dia ngebakar satu isi rumah. Karena itu, kalo kamu pengen tetep diperhatiin, kamu harus ngebakar suasana. Bikin seru-seruan, misalnya dengan ngeluarin jokes segar. Jadi si pacar temen kamu, tetep nganggep kamu. Siapa tau ternyata kamu lebih asik dan seru, terus doi pindah ke kamu. Manteb kan tuh?! Atau minimal ternyata pacar temen kamu punya temen yang bisa dijodohin.

 

Ada gunanya

Obat nyamuk, ada gunanya, karena itu  orang ada yang beli. Obat nyamuk biasanya dipake buat ngobatin nyamuk-nyamuk yang sakit, biar mereka lekas sembuh, dan kembali beroperasi bunuhin nyamuk-nyamuk nakal. Karena obat nyamuk aja berguna, kamu juga harus ada gunanya dong. Ketika jalan-jalan, kamu harus jadi figur yang dominan, sangat membantu, misalnya aja kamu lebih tau jalan, bisa nyetir, bisa ngelawak, dll. Tapi bisa berguna di sini, maksutnya biar mereka juga respect dengan adanya kamu. Bukan berarti mereka bisa gunain kamu seenak udel aja. Kalo emang mereka masih ngeyel padahal kamu udah ada gunanya, kan bisa diduitin tuh. Misalnya pengin disopirin, harus bensinin sekalian traktirin.

 

Punya temen

Karena di sikon ini kamu bakal jadi ‘obat nyamuk’, kamu harus punya temen. Minimal temen virtual! Sama seperti persahabatan obat nyamuk dan korek. Kamu harus sedia HP sebelom jadi ‘obat nyamuk’. Jadi ketika kamu merasa sedikit dikacangin ketika mereka sibuk pacaran, kamu bisa tetep santai main di HP. Jadi siapin mainan yang banyak. Kalo kamu pengen lebih menantang, kamu main 2 HP tapi pake satu tangan, lebih gereget gitu.

 

Hukum lingkaran

Sama seperti halnya obat nyamuk yang ngelingker-lingker, kamu juga harus punya lingkaran pertemanan yang yahud. Jangan tunjukin kalo kamu seperti kesepian, gak punya siapa-siapa. Kamu bukan Hatchi, kan? Jadi mereka gak bakalan ceng-cengin kamu dengan kata-kata seperti “cie, belom ada pacar..!”’, “cieee, kusut banget mukanya, lagi galau yaaa?!”

 

Kalo kamu terlihat sibuk, telponan sama client, atau mungkin temen-temen cewek kamu yang berlimpah banyaknya kayak orang korup di Indonesia –meskipun semuanya masukin kamu ke friendzone–, mereka bakalan mikir jauh tentang kamu, kamu yang sukses, kamu yang banyak temen, dll. Jadi image kamu tetep oke di depan mereka.

 

Daya klepek-klepek

Semakin bagus obat nyamuknya, maka semakin kuat pula dayanya untuk membuat nyamuk klepek-klepek. Kamu pun juga harus gitu. Ketika kedua insan yang sedang pacaran ini menyerang kamu soal pacar, kamu harus nyerang balik ke ceweknya. Keluarin semua jurus kamu yang malah bisa bikin dia klepek-klepek sama kamu. Biasanya serangan balik itu lebih ampuh loh. Tapi ya risikonya kamu bisa mempertaruhkan pertemanan kamu. Tapi kalo si pacarnya temen lebih kece sih, sikat aja. *ketawa setan*

 

Dengan begitu, kamu bakalan gak diajak jalan bareng sih, tapi mayan kan gak jadi ‘obat nyamuk’ lagi, siapa tau malah kamu bisa nemuin nyamuk yang kamu cari-cari selama ini, buat jadi temen hidup. Sadis.

Sumber : nyunyu

 

Read More